This section discusses each of the goals outlined in the introduction to Section 2 in greater detail. It explains the objectives that underpin the goal, the strategy to achieve the goal, the indicators that will measure if the objectives have been met and the targets for the next five years.
Goal 1: Promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery.
One of the primary intentions of the NWMS and the Waste Act is to implement the waste management hierarchy. Goal 1 addresses the first four stages of the waste management hierarchy, and is structured around two objectives. The first objective is to promote waste minimisation in the design, composition and manufacturing of products. The second objective is to promote re-use, recycling and recovery of goods and waste materials.
The Waste Act creates a general duty for waste holders to avoid generating waste and, failing that, to minimise the amount and the toxicity of the waste generated. Thereafter, they are expected to re-use, recycle or recover waste. Various instruments in the Act give effect to this duty of care, including norms and standards, integrated waste management plans, industry waste management plans, extended producer responsibility, and priority wastes.
Promoting waste minimisation goes beyond the remit of environmental policy and depends in part on industrial policy and supporting economic instruments. Government and industry will coordinate their actions in a waste minimisation programme that knits together the different policy strands and that identifies the goods and services to which the provisions can feasibly apply. The following measures to promote waste minimisation will be implemented:
In relation to the second objective, increasing the re-use, recycling or recovery of goods and waste materials requires a coordinated effort by generators of waste, including households, businesses and organisations. Promoting the re-use, recycling or recovery of waste materials will be achieved through:
A fundamental change in waste disposal practices will be supported by the development of a national recycling infrastructure through partnerships among the various role-players. The infrastructure will enable separation at source of organic waste, hazardous waste and clean general recyclable waste, and the collection of particular waste types that contaminate general household waste through specialised infrastructure. The responsibility of different role players for providing the recycling infrastructure for management of the different waste streams is set out in the following table.
Table 3: Role players' contribution to re-use, recycling and recovery of waste
| Role | General Waste | Organic Waste | Recyclables (paper, plastic, metal, glass and tyres) | Hazardous (batteries, solvents, CFLs etc.) |
| Advocacy and education | Municipality | Municipality (with national and provincial support) | Industry in partnership with municipality | Industry |
| Providing bins at source or take back facilities | Municipality | Municipality | Municipality to provide additional bins at source, Industry to provide accessible take back facilities | Industry |
| Collecting waste | Municipality | Municipality | SMEs supported by industry | Industry |
| Processing waste | Municipality | Municipality | MRFs run by SMEs and supported by industry | Industry |
| Dispose of waste | Municipality (landfill) | Municipality (composting facility) | No disposal as per set targets | Industry |
The fiscal instruments that support Goal 1 include full-costing accounting, cost-reflective tariffs, cost-recovery and, eventually, volumetric charging. The consequent increases in disposal fees will discourage waste generation. Goal 6 addresses fiscal instruments more comprehensively.
Three indicators will measure if the goal to promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling or recovery of waste is achieved.
The first indicator will measure how the paper and packaging industry, pesticide industry, waste tyre industry and lighting industry perform against targets for waste minimisation, reuse and recycling set in their industry waste management plans. The aim is to fully achieve the targets in these four IndWMPs.
The second indicator measures the percentage of waste diverted from landfill. The target is to divert 25% of recyclables from landfill for re-use, recycling or recovery by 2015.
The third indicator will measure the number of municipalities in which separation of waste at source for households, businesses and organisations have been initiated. The target is for all metropolitan municipalities, secondary cities and large towns21 to have initiated separation at source programmes by 2015.
Goal 2: Ensure the effective and efficient delivery of waste services.
Waste services involve collecting waste from households, organisations and businesses, and disposing of this waste safely. Waste services are the Constitutional responsibility of local government, and municipalities are the primary interface between the public and government around waste management. The objectives of Goal 2 are to progressively expand access to at least a basic level of waste services, and to ensure that waste that cannot be re-used, recycled or recovered is disposed of safely in properly permitted landfill sites. These objectives address historical backlogs and inequalities in access to waste services, and improve the quality of life for the entire community by providing a cleaner place to work and live. Expanded waste services will also create jobs and so contribute to Goal 3.
Various regulatory, planning and fiscal instruments support the programme for effective and efficient delivery of waste services. They include:
Using the basic service levels defined in the National Policy on the Provision of Basic Refuse Removal to Indigent Households, it is estimated that 90% of urban households and 47% of rural households have access to adequate levels of service24: Government will ensure access to basic waste collection services within 10 years. The strategy to achieve this has been set out in the Municipal Waste Sector Plan for Addressing Waste Service Backlogs25.
Municipalities struggle to effectively manage landfills and it will become more difficult when waste collection services expand. The DEA will help municipalities to better manage landfills through the following interventions:
The Minister, an MEC or municipality may require general waste transporters to register with the relevant Waste Management Officer (WMO) at national, provincial or local level. Transporters must prevent any spillage of waste or littering from a vehicle used to transport waste and the waste must be disposed of in an area authorised to accept such waste29. The Waste Classification and Management regulations require implementation of a waste manifest system for hazardous waste which will augment the current regulations which manage the transportation of hazardous waste.
By 2015, 95% of urban households and 75% of rural households will have access to adequate levels of service30. Annual Statistics SA surveys monitor the number of households receiving a waste management service. More detailed indicators are described in DEA's Waste Sector Targets and Performance Indicators31 and subsidiary indicators.
DEA will also monitor the percentage of waste disposal sites that are licenced. The target for 2015 is that 80% of the disposal sites will have licences.
Goal 3: Growing the contribution of the waste sector to the green economy.
Effective waste management has important economic and social impacts in addition environmental benefits. The waste management sector is an important part of the emerging green economy, and a well regulated, formalised waste sector will improve the efficiency of the overall economy.
The objectives of this goal are to stimulate job creation and broaden participation by SMEs and marginalised communities in the waste sector. These objectives include creating decent work through formalising the role of waste pickers and expanding the role of SMEs and cooperatives in waste management. New jobs will also be created by investing in recycling infrastructure to facilitate re-use, recycling and recovery32.
In line with the Green Economy Plan, measures will be implemented to strengthen and expand the waste economy so that it can generate and sustain jobs as well as formalise existing jobs in the waste economy. Growing the waste management sector will be primarily achieved through:
While the extension of domestic waste collection services is the subject of Goal 2, the method of collection has a major impact on job creation in South Africa. For their waste services, municipalities are encouraged to use labour intensive, community-based collection methods, particularly in areas that are difficult to access or service through conventional collection methods. The Expanded Public Works Programme has successfully piloted community-based collection methods and lessons learnt there will be applied in the roll-out of waste services in the country.
Goal 1 sets out the measures to increase the rate of recycling in South Africa. This will be achieved by the creation of a country-wide infrastructure that can significantly expand jobs in recycling. DEA will provide guidance to municipalities and industry on measures to improve the working conditions of waste-pickers, establishment of Material Recovery Facilities and expand the role of SMEs and cooperatives in domestic waste collection services.
Job creation initiatives in the waste sector will be supported by the R9 billion jobs fund, as well as investment by development finance institutions. Government will provide financial and non-financial support to SMEs and cooperatives in the waste sector through Khula, the South African Micro-Finance Apex Fund and the IDC's small business fund. Government is considering merging these three agencies' services to maximise administrative efficiency33.
The indicators that will measure if this goal is achieved are the number of new jobs created and the number of additional SMEs and cooperatives participating in waste service delivery and recycling. The targets for 2015 are:
Goal 4: Ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the environment.
Awareness of the impact of waste on health, well-being and the environment is very uneven across different communities, as evidenced by the extent of littering. The objectives of this goal are to create awareness of waste management issues and to add practical waste projects to basic education curricula. For maximum effectiveness, waste awareness and anti-littering campaigns will be linked to the recycling infrastructure and to extended waste services. This will be particularly important in separating waste at source. For this reason, municipal campaigns designed and implemented in partnership with local stakeholders, including labour, industry, civil society and NGOs, form the foundation of the strategy to create awareness about waste.
DEA will launch a long term awareness campaign on waste management, to be implemented in a sustainable and incremental manner, with the objective of achieving behaviour changes. DEA will work with SALGA to develop a coordinated national approach to waste awareness that will provide common messages and promotional materials to support the municipal campaigns.
To create incentives for municipalities, existing recognition programmes such as the Cleanest Town competition will be expanded and strengthened as part of DEA's "Cleaning and Greening" programme. Specific criteria for municipal performance will inform recognition programmes. These include sustainable and equitable provision of waste services and community awareness and participation in waste management.
The national approach to waste awareness will take into account existing provincial initiatives and will use the experience and expertise of NGOs already active in this field. Indalo Yethu, the government's environmental campaign, has a key role to play in waste awareness through its branding of environmentally friendly products and its involvement in DEA's Cleaning and Greening programme. Industry has an important role to play in educating consumers about appropriate disposal of products, and in implementing take-back programmes for products, such as compact fluorescent lights and batteries, that cannot be discarded in domestic waste streams.
DEA will work with Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) to ensure that the implementation of provisions in the Consumer Protection Act that support Extended Producer Responsibility is aligned with the National Waste Management Strategy. Consumer awareness programmes must be integrated into Industry Waste Management Plans. Similarly, labour has an important role to play in raising health and safety issues relating to waste management and in ensuring that workplaces comply with waste management standards and regulations.
Waste management is currently included as a cross-cutting issue at the higher levels of the school curriculum, along with broader principles of environmental protection and water conservation. Waste as a topic in the curriculum will be strengthened through practical projects such as recycling and litter control. DEA will help the Department of Basic Education to develop and review guidelines for these projects. The target is for 80% of schools to be implementing waste awareness programmes, such as recycling projects, by 2015.
The target for local awareness campaigns is for 80% of municipalities to be running campaigns about waste and littering. Ultimately, awareness and recognition programmes around waste should result in visibly cleaner towns and cities, a reduction in illegal dumping, and the successful implementation of separation at source programmes.
Goal 5: Achieve integrated waste management planning.
Among others, backlogs in the waste collection services, aging vehicles and equipment, growing human settlements and decreasing airspace in landfills are stark challenges that require a coordinated approach by each sphere of government. Integrated waste management plans (IWMPs) are the principal tool to achieve this coordination. This goal has two primary objectives: to establish an effective system of IWMPs, in particular at local government level, and to establish and maintain an information base on waste flows.
Integrated waste management planning at each level of government will align and integrate the actions of national, provincial and local government. The IWMPs will set targets and describe plans for the three tiers of government and give practical effect to the policies and instruments set out in this NWMS. IWMPs will importantly link to mainstream budgeting and resource allocation, and to systems for performance monitoring and reporting.
Municipalities are the primary providers of waste collection and disposal services, and establishing an effective system of IWMPs at local government level is a priority. The Waste Act requires all municipalities to develop implementable IWMPs. IWMPs need to be outcomes focused, and must include priorities, objectives, targets, and implementation and financing arrangements. DEA will publish guidelines for Integrated Waste Management Planning which will inform the second generation of IWMPs35 to be aligned with the Waste Act.
IWMPs will be developed in a consultative manner, and will follow the provisions of Section 29 of the Municipal Systems Act.
IWMPs are approved in a tiered system, with municipal IWMPs submitted to the MEC for approval. The MEC must ensure alignment with other IWMPs and relevant plans. The Minister approves national and provincial IWMPs, which amongst others will set out how they intend to support municipalities to fulfil their obligations.
The Waste Act requires an annual review of all IWMPs, and annual performance reports describe the successes and challenges with implementing the IWMP.
To integrate waste services within broader municipal plans, municipalities need to amend their Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) to take account of the provisions in the IWMP. To align the preparation of IWMPs with the local government IDP planning cycle (linked to local elections every 5 years), municipalities will aim to complete their IWMPs during 2012. These IWMPs can then inform the new IDPs to be adopted within one year of the 2011 local government elections.
Waste planning requires accurate information on waste flows. Comprehensive information on waste flows from each waste management facility will be reported into the South African Waste Information System (SAWIS), which will contribute to an accurate national waste balance. The National Waste Information Regulations regulate the reporting of waste information for the protection of the environment and the management of waste. By 2016, all specified waste management facilities that are required to collect and report to the SAWIS are to have waste quantification systems.
To measure the progress of achieving integrated waste management planning, DEA and the provinces will monitor the percentage of municipalities who have prepared IWMPs and integrated them with IDPs. All municipalities must have IWMPs integrated with IDPs by 2015.
Goal 6: Ensure sound budgeting and financial management for waste services.
Sound budgeting and financial management are essential to sustainably provide waste services. In most municipalities waste services are under-priced and under-funded with aging capital infrastructure and insufficient capital investment. The objectives of this goal are for municipalities to use full-cost accounting and to implement cost reflective and, where feasible, volumetric tariffs.
Full-cost accounting is used to determine the complete cost of waste service provision. These costs include operational and capital expenditure for collection, transportation, landfill development and closure, street cleansing, fee collection, credit control, monitoring and enforcement costs, interest payments and depreciation. Full-cost accounting lays the basis for managing waste services as a financially sustainable service for all. It also enables municipalities to accurately project the costs of expanding the service. Using this information, municipalities can implement cost reflective tariffs and ultimately move onto more complex volumetric tariffs. Full-cost accounting will also indicate whether it is more cost effective to have internal or external waste service providers.
National Treasury will issue a municipal circular to provide guidelines for waste service budgets and the associated accounting practices required to make subsidy levels more transparent.
Waste management is an under-provided basic service and inadequate refuse removal is a negative externality that will require internal and external sources of revenue to compensate. The National Policy for the Provision of Basic Refuse Removal Services to Indigent Households36 provides guidance on financing mechanisms and implementation strategies to budget for basic refuse removal from indigent households. Revenue for these services comes from internal sources (cross-subsidies within the municipality) and external sources (transfers from the national fiscus through the Equitable Share Grant and the Municipal Infrastructure Grant).
Cost recovery by means of the customer's municipal bill, which includes the billing for waste services, is essential for a financially sustainable waste service. Municipalities will structure the tariffs for waste services such that they can fund the maintenance, renewal and expansion of the infrastructure required to provide the services. DEA will provide updated tariff setting guidelines,37 which include volumetric charging for waste service tariffs and establishment of revenue collection systems.
Tariff increases will be appropriately phased in so that consumers and businesses can manage their impact. Increasing user charges will take the number of indigent households and local economic conditions into account. Municipalities must justify in their budget documentation all increases in excess of the 6 percent upper boundary of the South African Reserve Bank's inflation target. Excessive increases in property rates and other tariffs, which might result in higher levels of non-payment and increased bad debts, must be avoided. Nevertheless, in the long term above-inflation increases in user charge rates will be unavoidable.
To avoid the unintended consequences of tariff increases (in particular increases in illegal dumping) the enforcement capacity in municipalities will be increased in parallel. Municipalities will ensure that by-laws are updated to support the enforcement of reulatory measures.
National Treasury will align equitable share provisions, Municipal Infrastructure Grants and other grant systems to support the extension of waste services and provide for minimum levels of refuse removal as a basic service. DEA and National Treasury will investigate and establish financing mechanisms to ensure that capital expenditures in the sector increase, to create a robust pipeline of municipal projects, and to develop an appropriate capital financing mix. DEA and National Treasury will also investigate the merits of a dedicated fund for supporting the extension of municipal waste services to un-serviced communities, using an Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) type delivery model.
DEA will participate in municipal budget reviews that National Treasury undertakes, and in performance monitoring of metropolitan councils, to ensure that waste sector objectives are met in relation to municipal financial management.
As a result of these actions, it is planned that by 2015 all municipalities that provide waste services will have established full-cost accounting for waste services and will have implemented cost reflective tariffs. This will be monitored using municipalities' annual financial reports to National Treasury, and consolidated in the annual Municipal Budget and Expenditure Review.
Goal 7: Provide measures to remediate contaminated land
The measures to remediate contaminated land in Part 8 of the Waste Act address the historical lack of regulation around contaminated land. The aim is to progressively mitigate the health risks arising from contamination by hazardous wastes. Due to the historical absence of statutory obligations to report contaminated land, little data is available on the number and extent of contaminated sites. The first objective for remediation is to quantify the extent of contaminated land caused by current and past high risk activities. Contaminated land needs to be quantified in terms of geographical extent and in terms of financial liability, in order to secure adequate funding for remediation. The register of contaminated lands will be the primary instrument for this. The second objective of this goal is to prepare remediation plans for contaminated land.
DEA will set out its approach to implementing Part 8 of the Waste Act in the Framework for the Management of Contaminated Land38. To give effect to the measures in Part 8, a set of regulations will be gazetted in 2011. These regulations will require land owners to perform site assessments where high risk activities, such as the unauthorised disposal, storage, reuse, recycling, recovery or treatment of hazardous waste, have taken place.
Norms and standards will be established to define what constitutes contamination, and what is required for remediation. The Framework for the Management of Contaminated Land will set out technical standards and protocols for site assessments and remediation plans.
Promulgating these standards and protocols is a prerequisite for establishing the Register of Contaminated Lands, which will link to the national Deeds Register. After due consultation, guidelines will be issued that spell out the implications for affected sectors, and that describe the roles and responsibilities of affected organisations and persons, such as owners of contaminated lands, financial institutions involved in land transactions, property developers and estate agents.
DEA will assess the extent of the state's liability in terms of remediation so that appropriate funding arrangements in terms of a National Remediation Fund can be negotiated with the National Treasury.
The percentage of sites reported as contaminated to the contaminated land register which have had site assessments performed will measure progress with addressing contaminated land. The target for 2015 is to have completed assessments on 80% of the sites on the Register of Contaminated Lands. By 2015, DEA intends to have approved remediation plans for 50% of the confirmed contaminated sites. The number of site assessments that need to be performed, and the cost of remediation in terms of approved remediation plans will provide the basis for establishing funding requirements for contaminated lands. Goal 8: Effective compliance with and enforcement of the Waste Act
While the Waste Act creates a comprehensive legal framework for waste management, its provisions will be meaningless without measures to monitor and, where necessary, enforce compliance. Government cannot do this alone. Business and civil society have a vital role to play in creating a culture of compliance, and in reporting instances of non-compliance. For its part, government will systematically monitor compliance with the Waste Act, which includes regulations published in terms of the Act, licences, industry waste management plans and integrated waste management plans. This is the first objective of this goal. The second objective is for government to extend the current Environmental Management Inspectorate's capacity so that it can enforce the Waste Act.
Compliance monitoring is supported by a range of reporting provisions contained in the Waste Act. In addition to compliance reports for waste management licences and norms and standards, the Act has provisions for annual performance reports on the implementation of provincial and local Integrated Waste Management Plans. Industry Waste Management Plans are subject to review at intervals to be determined by the authority that mandated the plan. Furthermore, Environmental Management Inspectors and Waste Management Officers can request a Waste Impact Report where they suspect a contravention of the Act, licence conditions or exemption conditions. The existing national hotline for waste-related environmental crimes as well as the whistle-blower provisions contained in NEMA will augment the reporting mechanisms described above. These mechanisms will help to identify non-compliance and initiate enforcement actions. The information from these reporting mechanisms will be used to develop a programme for strategic compliance and enforcement inspections in relation to the Waste Act.
Government itself has a serious challenge in terms of the current state of treatment facilities and disposal sites, and as indicated under Goal 2 a national programme will be implemented to systematically bring these facilities into compliance. The Operating Procedure for noncompliant organs of state will guide how to address non-compliance. The Operating Procedure will be finalised and disseminated to all relevant organs of state. The capability to monitor compliance with and enforce the provisions of the Waste Act requires that the Environmental Management Inspectorate expands substantially. Approximately 800 additional Environmental Management Inspectors (EMIs) will be appointed; two-thirds of them will operate at provincial and local government level. The desirable number of EMIs in each municipality and province will be quantified. Recommendations for their designation will be made, including options for leveraging the existing skills base and, in particular, the inclusion of Environmental Health Practitioners (EHP). The qualifications of both types of enforcement officials will be aligned by including EMI Basic Training Material into the EHP National Diploma. An EMI Training Manual consisting of a set of Standard Operating Procedures will be developed to standardise and harmonise their compliance and enforcement activities.
DEA will monitor the compliance and enforcement through two indicators: the number of enforcement actions against non-compliant facilities, and the number of EMIs dealing with Waste Act issues at local, provincial and national level. Three sub-indicators will measure enforcement actions: the number of accused convicted, the number of Section 105A agreements (plea bargains), and the number of final directives/compliances notices issued. The targets for 2015 are a 50% increase in the number of enforcement actions, and the appointment of 800 EMIs. The objectives, indicators and targets for each goal are summarised in Table 4 below. Reference numbers next to text refer to notes at the end of the table.
Table 4: Goals, objectives, indicators and targets for the NWMS
| Goal 1: Promote waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Promote waste minimisation in the design, composition, and manufacturing of products |
Targets and measures for waste minimisation in the paper and packaging industry, pesticide industry, lighting industry and waste tyre industry's IndWMPs | Full achievement of targets set in the four IndWMPs |
| Objective 2: Promote re-use, recycling and recovery |
% of recyclables diverted from landfill sites for re-use, recycling and recovery | 25% of recyclables diverted from landfill sites for re-use recycling or recovery2 by 2015 |
| No. of municipalities in which separation of waste at source initiatives are being implemented | All metropolitan municipalities, secondary cities and large towns39 have initiated separation at source programmes by 2015. | |
| Goal 2: Ensure the effective and efficient delivery of waste services |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Progressively expand access to waste services to at least a basic level of service |
% of households receiving basic waste collection services | 95% of urban households and 75% of rural households have access to adequate levels of waste collection services |
| Objective 2: Safe disposal of waste in licenced landfill sites |
% of licenced waste disposal sites | 80% of waste disposal sites have licences |
| Goal 3: Growing the contribution of the waste sector to the green economy |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Stimulate job creation in the waste sector |
No. of new jobs created in the waste sector | 69 000 new jobs created in the waste sector1 |
| Objective 2: Broaden participation by SMEs and marginalised communities in the waste sector |
No. of additional SMEs and cooperatives participating in waste service delivery and recycling | 2 600 additional SMEs and cooperatives participating in waste service delivery and recycling1 |
| Goal 4: Ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the environment |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Municipalities to create awareness of waste management issues |
% of municipalities running local awareness campaigns | 80% of municipalities running local awareness campaigns |
| Objective 2: Add waste content to the school curriculum and ensure that there are practical waste projects in the basic education curricula |
% of schools implementing waste awareness programmes | 80% of schools implementing waste awareness programmes |
| Goal 5: Achieve integrated waste management planning |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Establish an effective system of IWMPs at local government level. |
The % of municipalities that have integrated their IWMPS into their IDPs | 100% of municipalities have integrated their IWMPs with their IDPs |
| The % of municipalities that have met the targets set in IWMPs | 100% municipalities have met the targets set in their IWMPs | |
| Objective 2: Establish and maintain an information base on waste flows. |
The % of waste management facilities with waste quantification systems. | All waste management facilities required to report to SAWIS have waste quantification systems that report information to WIS. |
| Goal 6: Ensure sound budgeting and financial management for waste services |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Ensure full-cost accounting for waste at municipal level |
% of municipalities that provide waste services that have conducted full-cost accounting for waste services | 100% of municipalities that provide waste services have conducted full-cost accounting for waste services |
| Objective 2: Implement cost reflective and volumetric tariffs |
% of municipalities that provide waste services that have implemented cost reflective tariffs. | 100% of municipalities that provide waste services have implemented cost reflective tariffs |
| Goal 7: Provide measures to remediate contaminated land |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Quantify the extent of contaminated land |
The % of sites reported to the contaminated land register which have site assessments performed | Assessment completed for 80% of sites reported to the contaminated land register |
| Objective 2: Prepare and approve remediation plans for contaminated land |
The % of confirmed contaminated sites with approved remediation plans | Remediation plans approved for 50% of confirmed contaminated sites |
| Goal 8: Effective compliance with and enforcement of the Waste Act |
Proposed indicators | Targets (2016) |
| Objective 1: Systematically monitor and enforce compliance with regulations, authorisation conditions and plans |
% of successful enforcement actions against non-compliant facilities | 50% increase in the number of successful enforcement actions against non-compliant facilities5 |
| Objective 2: EMI capacity expanded to enforce the Waste Act |
Number of EMIs dealing with Waste Act at local, provincial and national level | 800 EMIs appointed in the three spheres of government to enforce the Waste Act.5 |
Explanatory Notes
The above assumptions result in the following revision of the StatsSA figures. The figures for 2015 and 2020 show the Government's targets:
| % adequate | Urban | Rural |
| 2010 | 90% | 47% |
| 2015 | 95% | 75% |
| 2020 | 100% | 100% |